Ultrasound in medicine & biology · 2026
3-D Handheld Harmonic Motion Imaging System for Breast Tumor Assessment: A Clinical Feasibility Study.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Liu Yangpei, Hu Shiqi, Munot Saachi, Konofagou Elisa E
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Harmonic motion imaging (HMI) is a displacement-based ultrasound elastography that simultaneously induces and tracks oscillatory on-axis motion using focused ultrasound and imaging transducers. Single transducer (ST)-HMI was recently developed to perform harmonic excitation and tracking using 1-D imaging arrays and electronic steering to exclude redundant raster-scanning. However, ST-HMI is limited to 2D imaging. This study develops 3-D-HMI with a handheld system.
METHODS: Harmonic radiation force (200 or 400 Hz) was generated using row or column elements of a row-column array (RCA), with resulting displacements estimated using the same elements for focused transmission and the remaining orthogonal elements in receive, interleaved between excitation pulses.
RESULTS: The proposed method was first validated in phantoms with stiff (Young's moduli: 22, 31, 44 and 56 kPa in 5.3-kPa background) or soft (5.1 kPa in 18.6-kPa background) inclusions (n = 12, diameters: 2.2-13.2 mm) mimicking malignant and benign tumors. The 3-D estimated normalized displacement detected all inclusions, including the smallest at 2 mm, and was found to be inversely proportional to the Young's modulus ratio of inclusions to background. 3-D HMI displacement maps of human breast tumors (n = 5) were reconstructed, including fibroadenoma (FA, n = 1) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC, n = 4), among which two were residual diseases after up to 12 wk of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
CONCLUSION: 3-D-HMI was hereby described and found to be feasible, accurate and time-efficient volumetric mapping of relative stiffness. The proposed method increases the clinical potential of HMI to assess the mechanical properties of entire tumor volumes in a typical handheld manner, as in conventional breast sonography.
METHODS: Harmonic radiation force (200 or 400 Hz) was generated using row or column elements of a row-column array (RCA), with resulting displacements estimated using the same elements for focused transmission and the remaining orthogonal elements in receive, interleaved between excitation pulses.
RESULTS: The proposed method was first validated in phantoms with stiff (Young's moduli: 22, 31, 44 and 56 kPa in 5.3-kPa background) or soft (5.1 kPa in 18.6-kPa background) inclusions (n = 12, diameters: 2.2-13.2 mm) mimicking malignant and benign tumors. The 3-D estimated normalized displacement detected all inclusions, including the smallest at 2 mm, and was found to be inversely proportional to the Young's modulus ratio of inclusions to background. 3-D HMI displacement maps of human breast tumors (n = 5) were reconstructed, including fibroadenoma (FA, n = 1) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC, n = 4), among which two were residual diseases after up to 12 wk of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
CONCLUSION: 3-D-HMI was hereby described and found to be feasible, accurate and time-efficient volumetric mapping of relative stiffness. The proposed method increases the clinical potential of HMI to assess the mechanical properties of entire tumor volumes in a typical handheld manner, as in conventional breast sonography.