A review on medical plants Siegesbeckia based on diterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids: phytochemistry, pharmacology and clinical applications.

Natural products, owing to their chemical diversity, biological activity, and historical success, continue to be a precious source of lead compounds and potential candidates for drug discovery. Siegesbeckia, in particular, presents a promising avenue for drug discovery due to its long history of usage in traditional Chinese medicine and its well-established clinical applications. Diterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids, the characteristic metabolites of Siegesbeckia, have consistently attracted considerable attention in related scientific research because of their diverse structures and extensive range of bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Herein, we provide an overview of the phytochemistry, biosynthesis, pharmacological action, as well as clinical applications of Siegesbeckia. This paper will provide a valuable reference for advancing further research and development of Siegesbeckia.