Total and specific immunoglobulin E and their relationship to respiratory symptoms in Quebéc children and adolescents.

BACKGROUND

Respiratory disease is a major cause of morbidity in young people. It is now recognized that atopy plays an important role in the development of chronic respiratory symptoms in children.

OBJECTIVE

To examine the determinants and consequences of serum total and specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) in a general population sample of Québec children and adolescents.

METHODS

In 1999, 2349 children and adolescents (nine, 13 or 16 years of age) who had participated in a respiratory symptom and disease questionnaire had their total IgE measured. Of these participants, a subsample of 451 children and adolescents was analyzed to detect antibodies to eight specific allergens (ie, allergens of dust mites [Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus], cat, dog, ragweed, Timothy grass, mould [alternaria] and cockroach).

RESULTS

The geometric mean of the total IgE was 44.4 U/mL among all participants. Concentrations were higher in boys and increased with age. More than 41% of the participants were sensitized to at least one specific allergen. Such sensitization was strongly associated with the occurrence of respiratory conditions and symptoms, namely asthma, wheezing and rhinitis. Family history, school location and ethnic origin had an impact on the prevalence of atopy and total IgE levels.

CONCLUSIONS

Allergic sensitization is a major determinant in the development of asthma, wheezing and rhinitis in children and adolescents in the province of Québec.