A History of Cancer Research: Tumor Viruses.

Early studies of transmissible tumors in chickens provided evidence that viruses such as avian leukosis virus (ALV) and Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) can cause cancer in these animals. Doubts about the relevance to human tumors and failures to replicate some early work meant the field of tumor virology followed a bumpy course. Nevertheless, viruses that can cause cancers in rodents and humans were ultimately identified, and several Nobel prizes were awarded for work in this area. In this excerpt from his forthcoming book on the history of cancer research, Joe Lipsick looks back at the early history of tumor virus research, from some of the early false starts and debates, to discovery of reverse transcriptase, and identification of human papilloma virus (HPV) as the major cause of cervical cancer.