Nitric oxide causes a cGMP-independent intracellular calcium rise in porcine endothelial cells-a paradox?

This study was undertaken to investigate the influence of exogenous NO on intracellular calcium levels of porcine aortic endothelial cell culture monolayers. Spontaneous NO liberating substances with different half-life periods (NOC-9 [10 micromol/L] approximately 1 min, SNAP [10 micromol/L] approximately 4 h), and an aqueous NO gas solution [130 nmol/L] were added onto the monolayers. All three solutions induced a rapid and similar calcium rise in the endothelial cells. NOC-9 as a rapidly NO releasing compound was selected to be investigated more thoroughly. The NOC-9 calcium rise is not dependent on the activation of the guanylate cyclase since preincubation with a specific guanylate cyclase inhibitor [ODQ, 10 micromol/L] did not alter the effect and a cGMP analogue [8-bromo-cGMP 10 micromol/L] did not significantly elevate calcium levels. The NOC-9 induced calcium rise could be completely blocked by removal of extracellular calcium and partly blocked by SKF 96365 [10 micromol/L], an unspecific inhibitor of the receptor operated calcium channels. Incubation with N-nitroarginine [100 micromol/L] slightly but significantly reduced basal calcium levels in the cell cultures. Therefore, we conclude that exogenous NO elevates [Ca(2+)](i) in cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells. This effect is not dependent on cGMP, and a calcium influx is involved. Moreover, constitutively formed endogenous NO seems to be necessary to maintain basal calcium levels.