Factors associated with risk for subsequent injuries after traumatic spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVES

To identify the annual incidence and risk factors for subsequent injury among subjects with preexisting spinal cord injury (SCI).

DESIGN

Cross-sectional, mailed survey.

SETTING

A specialty hospital in the southeastern United States.

PARTICIPANTS

Subjects (N=1328) with SCI participated in this study (response rate, 72%), each of whom met the following inclusion criteria: (1) traumatic SCI with residual impairment American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grades A through D, (2) nonsurgical onset, (3) age 18 years or older at the time of the study, and (4) a minimum of 12 months post-SCI.

INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A general health assessment survey was used that required participants to report the number of injuries that were severe enough to require treatment in a clinic, emergency department, or hospital in the past year, as well as whether any injury resulted in hospitalization. Risk measures included the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CAGE, Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire, Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale, and prescription medication usage.

RESULTS

Nineteen percent of participants reported at least 1 injury within the past year, with an annual incidence of.33 when considering those with multiple injuries. Twenty-seven percent of those with at least 1 injury reported 1 or more injury-related hospitalizations in the past year. Being younger; having an ASIA grade D injury; higher sensation-seeking scores; heavy drinking; and prescription medication use for pain, spasticity, depression, and sleep were associated with a greater likelihood of subsequent injuries.

CONCLUSIONS

Subsequent injuries impact nearly 20% of people with SCI annually; yet, this problem has received little attention in the literature. Further study is needed to identify the costs, severity, and circumstances surrounding injury to design prevention programs that target risk behaviors.