Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
Autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons underlie a third of cases of Chikungunya virus encephalitis or myelitis.
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Tran Vu L, Gervais Adrian, Champeaux Marie-Mechtilde, de Souza Sampaio Maria Paula, Abel Sylvie, Calmont Isabelle, do Rosario Mateus Santana, Schidlowski Laire, Simione Jordan D, Alves Pedro Augusto, Puel Anne, Bastard Paul, Abel Laurent, Prando Carolina, Franca Rafael Freitas de Oliveira, de Siqueira Isadora Cristina, Cabié André, Cobat Aurélie, Zhang Shen-Ying, Casanova Jean-Laurent
Аннотация
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection is typically not life threatening but may, in rare cases, affect the central nervous system (CNS). In three cohorts of confirmed CHIKV cases from Martinique (French overseas territory) and Brazil (patients aged 0 to 89 y, n = 245), 20 patients had CNS infection (aged 17 to 87 y). Autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons (AAN-I-IFN) were found in 35% of patients (4 male and 3 female, aged 17 to 87 y) with encephalitis (4/15), encephalomyelitis (1/2), or myelitis (2/3), but were absent in 225 patients without CNS infection. They neutralized high concentrations (10 to 1,000 ng/mL) of IFN-α2, IFN-α8, and IFN-ω, and the antibodies of one patient also neutralized IFN-β. All samples also neutralized the other 10 IFN-α subtypes (at least 100 pg/mL). This combination of blood autoantibodies occurs in ~0.02% and 0.6% of healthy individuals under and over 70 y of age, respectively. The presence of AAN-I-IFN before CHIKV infection therefore increased the risk of CNS disease ~850-fold relative to the general population.