Hostility in marital dyads: associations with depressive symptoms.

We examined the relations of hostility (of self and spouse) with self-ratings of depressive symptoms in 898 spouse pairs. Self-ratings of hostility were initially examined as predictors of depression. Next, spouse self-ratings of hostility were added to the model. Finally, the interaction of self x spouse hostility was investigated. These relations were explored for three components of hostility (Cynicism, Aggressive Responding, and Hostile Affect). Age and education were controlled in all models and effects were examined separately for women and men. Self-ratings of Hostile Affect were positively related to depressive symptoms for both women and men. Self-ratings of Cynicism were also significantly related to depression, but only for men. All three components of spouse's hostility were positively related to one's own symptoms of depression for women. For men, however, spouse's hostility was not related to symptoms of depression. These findings highlight the need to study psychosocial risk factors in social units and have potential implications for intervention.