Science advances · 2023
First bioanthropological evidence for Yamnaya horsemanship.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Trautmann Martin, Frînculeasa Alin, Preda-Bălănică Bianca, Petruneac Marta, Focşǎneanu Marin, Alexandrov Stefan, Atanassova Nadezhda, Włodarczak Piotr, Podsiadło Michał, Dani János, Bereczki Zsolt, Hajdu Tamás, Băjenaru Radu, Ioniță Adrian, Măgureanu Andrei, Măgureanu Despina, Popescu Anca-Diana, Sârbu Dorin, Vasile Gabriel, Anthony David, Heyd Volker
Аннотация
The origins of horseback riding remain elusive. Scientific studies show that horses were kept for their milk ~3500 to 3000 BCE, widely accepted as indicating domestication. However, this does not confirm them to be ridden. Equipment used by early riders is rarely preserved, and the reliability of equine dental and mandibular pathologies remains contested. However, horsemanship has two interacting components: the horse as mount and the human as rider. Alterations associated with riding in human skeletons therefore possibly provide the best source of information. Here, we report five Yamnaya individuals well-dated to 3021 to 2501 calibrated BCE from kurgans in Romania, Bulgaria, and Hungary, displaying changes in bone morphology and distinct pathologies associated with horseback riding. These are the oldest humans identified as riders so far.