Enhancing the differentiation and maturation of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells into neuronal cells through the sustained nerve growth factor delivery by chitosan nanocarrier.

Neurotrophins, a type of growth factor, are key players in guiding mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) towards becoming neurons. Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) are well-known for promoting axon growth and pushing MSCs to resemble neural precursor cells. However, their short half-life has consistently generated issues related to their bioavailability, which is essential in determining the fate of stem cells during differentiation. Currently, we have developed a chitosan nanocarrier infused with NGF to enhance its availability in the stem cell niche. Additionally, it is combined with BDNF to formulate a neural induction medium that facilitates the neural differentiation of ADMSCs (Adipose-derived MSCs). The developed cells displayed a morphological appearance consistent with neurological lineage cells, confirmed by the presence of cellular markers linked to neural cells and synaptic connections. The statistical study confirmed that encapsulated NGF is a substantial neural inducer compared to neurotrophin employed alone in the induction medium. The chitosan nanocarrier exhibited advantageous NGF loading efficiency and release kinetics, making it suitable for enhancing neural differentiation. Consequently, the continuous release of NGF via chitosan nanocarriers has enhanced the promotion of neurogenic differentiation of ADMSCs and holds prospective applications in neural tissue engineering.