Spinal injuries in Canadian ice hockey: an update to 2005.

OBJECTIVE

Measure incidence of spinal injuries in Canadian ice hockey for the 6-year period 2000-2005 and examine trends from 1943 to 2005.

DESIGN

Data about spinal injuries with and without spinal cord injury in ice hockey have been collected by ThinkFirst's Canadian Ice Hockey Spinal Injuries Registry since 1981 through questionnaires from practitioners, ice hockey organizations, and media reports.

SETTING

All provinces and territories of Canada.

PARTICIPANTS

All Canadian ice hockey players.

ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS: Age, gender, level of play, location, and mechanism of injury.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence and nature of injuries.

RESULTS

Forty cases occurred in 2000-2005, representing a decline in annual injuries and bringing the total registry cases to 311 during 1943-2005. Five (12.5%) of these 40 cases were severe, which includes all complete and incomplete spinal cord injuries, and is a decline from the previous 23.5% in this category. In the 311 cases, men comprised 97.7%, the median age was 18 years, 82.8% of the injuries were cervical, and 90.3% occurred in games in organized leagues. The most common mechanism of injury was impact with the boards (64.8%), and the most common cause was check/push from behind at 35.0%, which has declined. The major provincial differences in injury rates persist, with the highest in Ontario, British Columbia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island and the lowest in Quebec and Newfoundland.

CONCLUSIONS

There has been a recent decline in spinal injuries in Canadian ice hockey that may be related to improved education about injury prevention and/or specific rules against checking/pushing from behind.