Characterization of Bacteria Living on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Hyphae Under Field Conditions.

The fine nature of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal hyphae makes it challenging to directly isolate them from soil, hindering the understanding of hyphosphere bacterial communities in the real world. Here, we developed an innovative system combining hyphae in-growth tubes and a 0.45 μm microporous filter membrane, establishing a method for in situ induction of AM fungal extraradical hyphae and indoor collection. This provides an efficient platform for investigating the diversity and functionality of hyphal-associated microbiomes under in situ conditions.