Effect of Sleep Report Feedback With Health Guidance Using a Sleep Monitoring Device for Improving Sleep in Community-Dwelling Older People: A Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial.

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of sleep monitoring, report feedback, and telephone-based guidance regarding sleep hygiene and daytime activity for community-dwelling older adults.

METHODS

We conducted a three-arm randomized controlled trial among community-dwelling adults in Japan. Participants were divided into three groups: (A) sleep report feedback and telephone-based health guidance for 6 months; (B) sleep report feedback and telephone-based health guidance for the first 3 months followed by sleep report feedback alone for the subsequent 3 months; and (C) sleep report feedback alone for 6 months. All groups used a sleep monitoring device. The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) score was the primary outcome. We analyzed time-series data by comparing different groups before and after the intervention to determine factors influencing the AIS score. All significance levels were set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS

In total, 229 participants (80, 74, and 75 participants in groups A, B, and C, respectively) were randomized (men: 37.1%; mean age: 78.5 years; average AIS score: 6.5). Linear mixed model analysis revealed a significant group-by-time interaction for AIS scores (p = 0.002). Both intervention groups showed significant within-group improvements in AIS scores at 3 months compared with baseline, whereas the control group showed no significant change over time. In between-group comparisons, Group B showed significantly lower AIS scores than the control group at 3 months.

CONCLUSIONS

Combining sleep report feedback with telephone-based health guidance may support improvement in subjective sleep status among community-dwelling older adults.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Committee and registered in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (study number: 21249; date of first registration: December 15, 2021; receipt number: R000052743; https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000052743).