Rift Valley Fever Virus Transmission During an Unreported Outbreak Among People and Livestock in South-Central Tanzania.
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Sumaye Robert D, Brandão Ana Pérola D, Chilanga Frank, Paul Goodluk, Mwangoka Grace W, Smith Woutrina A, Ekiri Abel B, Kilonzo Christopher, Mwakasungula Solomon, Makingi George, Kinyogori Amina A, Magesa Walter S, Samson Aziza J, Mkindi Catherine, Pazia Peter, Hassan Feisal, Mbaga Thabit A, Mdegela Robinson H, Masanja Honorati, Cannon Deborah, Gibbons Aridith, Klena John D, Montgomery Joel M, Nichol Stuart T, Jurisic Lucija, Tremeau-Bravard Alexandre, Nonga Hezron, Sebastian Jamie, Zewdie Saba, Streb Leah, Fagre Anna C, Bergren Nicholas A, Hartman Daniel A, Wolking David J, Kading Rebekah C, Mazet Jonna A K, Bird Brian H
Аннотация
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a re-emerging vector-borne zoonotic disease that causes outbreaks in humans and animals across Africa. To better understand RVF at human-animal interfaces, a prospective longitudinal survey of people, livestock, and mosquitoes was conducted from 2016 to 2018, in two regions of Tanzania, with distinct climatic zones (Iringa and Morogoro). Molecular and serological tools for testing (RT-qPCR and IgM/IgG ELISA) for RVF virus (RVFV) were used to assess infection and exposure in people and animals. Mosquitoes were collected quarterly from 10 sentinel locations. In total, 1385 acutely febrile humans, 4449 livestock, and 3463 mosquito pools were tested. In humans, IgM seroprevalence was 3.75% (n = 52/1385), and overall seroprevalence (IgM and/or IgG positive) was 8.30% (n = 115/1385). People from Iringa had a higher exposure risk than those from Morogoro (aOR 2.63), and livestock owners had an increased risk compared to non-owners (aOR 2.51). In livestock, IgM seroprevalence was 1.09%, while overall seroprevalence was 10.11%. A total of 68.4% of herds had at least one seropositive animal. Sentinel animal follow-up revealed that the probability of seroconversion was significantly higher in Morogoro. Low-level RVFV RNA was detected in 8 human and 22 mosquito pools. These findings indicate active transmission among vectors, livestock, and people during the study period, highlighting the need for One Health surveillance approaches for RVFV and other arboviruses.