Gelatin‑sodium alginate composite hydrogel doped with black phosphorus@ZnO heterojunction for cutaneous wound healing with antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and angiogenic properties.

Hydrogels with novel antimicrobial properties and accelerated wound healing are of great interest in the field of wound dressings because they not only prevent bacterial infections but also fulfill the essential needs of wound healing. In this study, multifunctional hydrogel dressings consisting of black phosphorus nanosheets(BPNS) surface-modified Zinc oxide (BP@ZnO heterojunction) based on gelatin (Gel), sodium alginate (SA), glutamine transferase (mTG), and calcium ions with a three-dimensional crosslinked network were prepared. The BP@ZnO-Gel/SA hydrogel has excellent mechanical properties, hemocompatibility (hemolysis rate: 3.29 %), swelling rate(832.8 ± 19.2 %), cytocompatibility, photothermal and photodynamic antibacterial properties(Sterilization rate: 96.4 ± 3.3 %). In addition, the hydrogel accelerates wound healing by promoting cell migration, immune regulation and angiogenesis. Thus, this hydrogel achieves the triple effect of antimicrobial, immunomodulation and angiogenesis, and is a tissue engineering strategy with great potential.