Risk assessment of uranium in groundwater surrounding the Greater Noida industrial area, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Groundwater quality is an important concern for public health, particularly with respect to uranium contamination, which may contribute to radiation dose and chemical toxicity when used for drinking. An analysis of radiation levels in groundwater has been undertaken around Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India, using the LED Fluorimetry Technique. The concentration of uranium (U-238) in water samples obtained from submersible pumps, tube wells, and hand pumps in Noida is determined. The uranium concentration, averaging 10.62 μg L-1, along with the annual effective dose of 1.77 μSv y-1, falls within the safety thresholds recommended by the World Health Organization (2004) and the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (2004). The chemical toxicity and radiological impact of uranium in water have been assessed. To estimate radiation risks from natural radionuclides in groundwater, radiological health parameters were determined. Elevated activity levels of natural radionuclides in certain areas are attributed to factors such as regional geology, hydrology, and the nature of local industries.