A decade of mosquito-borne arboviral infections in the Region of Murcia: Clinical and epidemiological description of dengue and chikungunya (2014-2024).

INTRODUCTION

Arboviral diseases are viral infections primarily transmitted by mosquitoes, with a growing global impact. Dengue and chikungunya virus have shown sustained expansion over recent decades, affecting regions previously considered non-endemic. The Region of Murcia presents factors that favour introduction and potential local transmission, including suitable climatic conditions, established presence of Aedes albopictus, and a high flow of travellers to areas with high incidence. Evaluating their evolution and epidemiological characteristics is essential to guide surveillance and support control efforts.

METHODS

We analysed epidemiological surveillance data and clinical records of laboratory-confirmed acute dengue or chikungunya infections diagnosed in the Region of Murcia between 2014 and 2024.

RESULTS

A total of 49 acute dengue infections were reported, showing an upward trend with a peak in 2024 (17 cases). Travel was related to 40.8% of cases for tourism and 44.9% for visits to friends and relatives, and two autochthonous cases were identified (2018). The most frequent regions of acquisition were Central America and the Caribbean (35%), South America (27%), and Southeast Asia (22%). For chikungunya, seven imported acute infections were recorded, with no autochthonous transmission and sporadic cases throughout the period, mostly acquired in Central and South America.

CONCLUSION

The sustained increase in imported dengue cases and the detection of isolated autochthonous transmission indicate a growing risk for the Region of Murcia. These findings highlight the need to strengthen epidemiological surveillance, vector control strategies, and preventive measures for travellers and the resident population, as well as early detection and management to prevent potential autochthonous transmission.