Journal of glaucoma · 2026
Reading Performance and Eye Movement Patterns in Glaucoma.
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Chiba Ikeda Mariana, Messias André M V, Teixeira Sérgio H, Hamada Koiti U, Bando André H, Nakamura Vinícius P L, Prata Tiago S, Tatham Andrew J, Paranhos Augusto, Gracitelli Carolina P B
Аннотация
PRCIS: Glaucoma patients of similar age and educational level, compared with healthy individuals, exhibit a greater number of saccades and fixations during eye-tracking-aloud reading, resulting in reduced reading speed.
PURPOSE: To evaluate reading performance in patients with glaucoma compared with controls using an eye tracker and to explore the potential confounding effects of patients' contrast sensitivity and cognition.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 111 participants (57 with glaucoma and 54 controls) with a best-corrected visual acuity of ≥0.5 logMAR. Cognition was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and contrast sensitivity was measured with the Freiburg Visual Acuity and Contrast Test. A reading performance evaluation was conducted using the Minnesota Low Vision Reading Test displayed on slides on a computer screen. Reading speed was calculated in words per minute, and an eye tracker was used to analyze saccade and fixation patterns during the reading task.
RESULTS: Mean age was 61.8 (±11.6) and 66.5 (±13.7) in the glaucoma and control groups, respectively ( P =0.05). Best-corrected visual acuity was 0.18 (±0.16) and 0.04 (±0.10) logMAR in the glaucoma and control groups, respectively ( P <0.001). Montreal Cognitive Assessment score was 21.8 (±3.5) in the glaucoma and 21.4 (±4.0) in the control group ( P =0.566). A total of 26% of the glaucoma group and 33% of the control group had at least a primary education. Controls read faster and showed fewer saccades and fixations than patients with glaucoma ( P <0.05) across all 5 slides.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with glaucoma exhibit poorer reading performance, as evidenced by eye-tracking data, compared with controls of similar age, cognitive function, and educational level.
PURPOSE: To evaluate reading performance in patients with glaucoma compared with controls using an eye tracker and to explore the potential confounding effects of patients' contrast sensitivity and cognition.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 111 participants (57 with glaucoma and 54 controls) with a best-corrected visual acuity of ≥0.5 logMAR. Cognition was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and contrast sensitivity was measured with the Freiburg Visual Acuity and Contrast Test. A reading performance evaluation was conducted using the Minnesota Low Vision Reading Test displayed on slides on a computer screen. Reading speed was calculated in words per minute, and an eye tracker was used to analyze saccade and fixation patterns during the reading task.
RESULTS: Mean age was 61.8 (±11.6) and 66.5 (±13.7) in the glaucoma and control groups, respectively ( P =0.05). Best-corrected visual acuity was 0.18 (±0.16) and 0.04 (±0.10) logMAR in the glaucoma and control groups, respectively ( P <0.001). Montreal Cognitive Assessment score was 21.8 (±3.5) in the glaucoma and 21.4 (±4.0) in the control group ( P =0.566). A total of 26% of the glaucoma group and 33% of the control group had at least a primary education. Controls read faster and showed fewer saccades and fixations than patients with glaucoma ( P <0.05) across all 5 slides.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with glaucoma exhibit poorer reading performance, as evidenced by eye-tracking data, compared with controls of similar age, cognitive function, and educational level.