Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization in a Pathways Community HUB Model Program: Results of a Propensity Score Matching Analysis.

INTRODUCTION

The THRIVE (Toward Health Resiliency and Infant Vitality & Equity) program aims to reduce racial disparities in birth outcomes by addressing individual risks and social determinants of health using the Pathways Community HUB model. This study examines (1) racial disparities among THRIVE participants and propensity score matched (PSM) comparisons in adequacy of prenatal care, and whether THRIVE participation (2) attenuates such disparities, and (3) improves odds of having adequate prenatal care.

METHODS

Birth certificate and Care Coordination Systems client data were merged for analysis. PSM was employed for 1:1 matching per birth year (2017-2020) and race for participating and non-participating first-time births in Stark County, Ohio. Additional matching variables were age, marital status, education attainment, birth quarter, census tract poverty rate, and Women Infant & Children (WIC) enrollment. Logistic regression assessed racial differences in adequate prenatal care utilization (APNCU) and examined differences between the intervention and comparison groups on APNCU.

RESULTS

THRIVE participants averaged more prenatal care visits and had a higher percentage of adequate care utilization than the comparison group. THRIVE program participation, educational attainment, and WIC enrollment were associated with higher odds of adequate prenatal care utilization (OR 4.74; 95% CI 2.62, 8.57). Race was not significant for APNCU.

DISCUSSION: Although accessing and maintaining prenatal care is only one aspect of improving birth outcomes, the findings contribute to the understanding of the effects of the program of interest and other similar programs on factors which may promote desired birth outcomes in high-risk populations.