Seroprevalence and risk factors for Lassa virus infection in South-West and North-Central Nigeria: a community-based cross-sectional study.
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Tiamiyu Abdulwasiu B, Adegbite Olutunde A, Freides Olivia, Frndak Seth, Mohammed Samirah Sani, Broach Erica, Lombardi Kara, Anyebe Victor, Akiga Roseline, Okeke Ndubuisi C, Feyisayo Jegede E, Ugwuezumba Oscar, Akinde Cassandra, Osuji Anthonia, Agu Norah, Analogbei Tope, Ekweremadu Chinelo, Bartolanzo Danielle, Prins Petra, Fan Ying, Emekaili Doris, Abah Felicia, Chiwetelu Vincent, Dike Paul, Isaiah Esther, Ayogu Miriam, Ogunkelu Eunice, Agbaim Uzoamaka C, Bukunmi Adelekun, Adamu Yakubu, Mebrahtu Tsedal, Zuppe Anastasia, Johnston Matthew, Modjarrad Kayvon, Meri Helina, Parker Zahra, Akinwale Edward, McCauley Melanie D, Schluck Glenna, King David B, Eller Leigh Anne, Okeji Nathan, Ayemoba Ojor R, Collins Natalie D, Iroezindu Michael O, Hakre Shilpa, EID023 Lassa study team
Аннотация
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in ten communities located in the Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC), Abuja, and Ikorodu Local Government Area (LGA), Lagos, from February 2nd to July 5th, 2022. Serum samples collected from participants were analyzed for IgG and IgM antibodies using a ReLASV® Pan-Lassa NP IgG/IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. A questionnaire administered to participants collected self-reported sociodemographic and LASV exposure information. Seroprevalence of LASV IgG/IgM was estimated overall, and by study site. Univariate and multivariate log-binomial models estimated unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for site-specific risk factors for LASV seropositivity. Grouped Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) was used for variable selection for multivariate analysis.
RESULTS: A total of 628 participants with serum samples were included in the study. Most participants were female (434, 69%), married (459, 73%), and had a median age of 38 years (interquartile range 28-50). The overall seroprevalence was 27% (171/628), with a prevalence of 33% (126/376) in Abuja and 18% (45/252) in Lagos. Based on site-specific grouped LASSO selection, enrollment in the dry season (vs. wet; aPR, 95% CI: 1.73, 1.33-2.24), reported inconsistent washing of fruits and vegetables (aPR, 95% CI: 1.45, 1.10-1.92), and a positive malaria rapid test (aPR, 95% CI: 1.48, 1.09-2.00) were independently associated with LASV seropositivity in Abuja, whereas, only a self-reported history of rhinorrhea (PR, 95% CI: 2.21, 1.31-3.72) was independently associated with Lassa seropositivity in Lagos.
CONCLUSIONS: The LASV seroprevalence was comparable to that in other areas in Nigeria. Our findings corroborate those from other studies on the importance of limiting human exposure to rodents and focusing on behavioral factors such as poor hygiene practices to reduce exposure to LASV.