Prophylactic granulocyte transfusions during human bone marrow transplantation.

Thirty-eight uninfected patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation were assigned at random to receive prophylactic granulocyte transfusions and oral nonabsorbable antibiotics (group 1) or oral nonabsorbable antibiotics alone (group 2) when their neutrophil count fell below 0.5 x 10(9)/liter. The two groups were comparable in terms of age, sex, underlying disease, immunosuppressive therapy and days of neutropenia. There were three cases of septicemia (all due to gram-positive organisms) in group 2 and none in group 1 (p = 0.23). There was no difference in the incidence of other documented infections, and survival between the two groups was comparable. Recipients of prophylactic granulocyte transfusions had a significantly higher incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections (13 of 18 versus six of 17, p = 0.043). These data suggest that prophylactic granulocyte transfusions may prevent septicemia, have no effect on other infections or survival in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation, and are associated with a higher incidence of CMV infection. Oral nonabsorbable antibiotics alone are equally effective in preventing serious infections in bone marrow transplant recipients.