Children from socioeconomically disadvantaged communities present in more advanced heart failure at the time of transplant listing.

Transplant registries in the US do not collect information about community level risk factors. We utilized a community level socio-economic risk indicator, the distressed communities' index to understand its association with clinical presentation among children listed for heart transplant (HT). We found that currently, majority (40%) of children listed from distressed communities are Black. On multivariable analysis, compared to children from prosperous communities, those from distressed communities listed for HT were significantly more likely to be Status 1A (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.39) and on a ventricular assist device (aOR 1.44). Compared to White children from prosperous communities, both Black and White children from distressed communities were more likely to be listed Status 1A (aOR 2.1 and 1.36 respectively) and have renal dysfunction (aOR 1.71 and 1.52 respectively). In conclusion, heart failure severity at listing appears more likely associated with community-level risk factors and less so with child's race/ethnicity.