Evaluation of Potential Optical Radiation Hazards from LED Flashlights.

We performed optical radiation safety evaluations of LED flashlights to determine if they pose potential ocular hazards. Six commercially available flashlight samples were randomly selected from various vendors online. They were evaluated in accordance with specifications provided in the American National Standards Institute/Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (ANSI/IESNA) Standards RP 27.1 and RP 27.3. Four of the flashlights were found to have relatively high blue-light-weighted radiance values with short times (40 to 50 s) to reach the exposure limit specified in RP 27.1. These flashlights are in Risk Group 2 and present a moderate risk for retinal damage. Two of the flashlights are in Risk Group 1 and present a low risk for retinal damage. None of the flashlights present an ultraviolet (UV) radiation hazard or a retinal thermal hazard. Cautionary labeling on the packaging as required by RP 27.3 and on the flashlight handle is recommended for flashlights and on other handheld light sources that are in Risk Group 2 or Risk Group 3.