[From epidemiology of melanoma to prevention--facts and references].

Melanoma incidence rates in Switzerland are very high for European standards. Incidence is increasing like in other white populations; melanoma mortality has stopped its secular increase and is decreasing in people under the age of 65. The reasons for the high melanoma rates in Switzerland can only be guessed: Switzerland is a rich country (melanoma is more prevalent among the rich); the Swiss are known to spend their vacations in Southern countries, exposing themselves to the sun. The paradox of increasing incidence and decreasing mortality rates is discussed, also from the view of the histopathologist. Melanoma patients are at increased risk for subsequent skin carcinoma (basalioma/spinalioma) and vice versa. This may be explained by the common risk factor: sun exposure. The importance of primary prevention is stressed; the Swiss Cancer League is organising annual education campaigns among youngsters. Secondary prevention should focus on high risk groups: families prone to melanoma; older men.