Animal-Assisted Activities With Therapy Dogs in Pediatric Oncology: A Multicenter Survey of the Current Status, Implementation, and Challenges in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.

BACKGROUND

Animal-assisted activities (AAAs) with therapy dogs have shown positive effects on patient well-being and quality of life in various areas of medicine, including pediatric oncology. However, research on this topic is limited. The aim of this study is to present the current status of AAA in pediatric oncology in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, to identify challenges, and to discuss potential implementation strategies.

METHODS

A German-language questionnaire of 43 items was developed by an interdisciplinary team of experts in pediatric oncology, including physicians, nurses, psychosocial staff, physiotherapists, and sports therapists. The survey was made available online to members of 72 institutions in Germany, Austria, and the German-speaking regions of Switzerland. Responses from 60 institutions (Germany, 54; Austria, 3; and Switzerland, 3) were analyzed.

RESULTS

Currently, 9/60 centers (15%) offer AAA with therapy dogs in pediatric oncology, 36/60 (60%) are interested in establishing such programs. All centers offering AAA have developed guidelines or regulations for its implementation and report positive feedback from patients. The following challenges were identified: hygiene and safety concepts, legal protection, staff shortage, funding, lack of standardized guidelines, and scientific evidence.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrates strong interest in AAA in pediatric oncology with several institutions already implementing programs responsibly. Perceived benefits contrast with limited availability and structural barriers. Systematic evaluation in registries and appropriately designed studies, standardized guidelines, and collaborative networks are needed for broader, sustainable integration into acute pediatric oncology care. Pediatric oncology societies should play a key role in coordinating research efforts, study networks, and consensus-based standards.