Journal of affective disorders · 2026
Latent profile analysis of stress events and their association with anxiety and depression in first-year graduate students: A stress process theory perspective.
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Qi Xinxin, Liang Ling, Yuan Jing, Luo Yang, Xu Jiale, Meng Heng
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: First-year graduate students experience substantial psychological burden, yet heterogeneity in stressor patterns remains unclear. Guided by Pearlin's stress process model, this study examined how multidimensional stressor configurations relate to anxiety and depressive symptoms and examined the indirect associations of coping style and personal mastery within these relationships.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 1654 first-year graduate students from five universities in Wuhan. Measures included stressful events, coping, personal mastery, social support, anxiety, and depression. Latent profile analysis identified subgroups based on four stress domains. Logistic regression and parallel mediation analysis examined profile differences and indirect associations.
RESULTS: Three stressor profiles emerged: low-stress (61.5%), moderate-imbalance (27.4%), and high-stress (11.0%). Compared with the low-stress group, the moderate-imbalance and high-stress groups showed higher odds of anxiety (OR = 4.76 and 9.30) and depression (OR = 4.61 and 10.62). Academic and relational stressors showed the strongest associations with affective symptoms. Relative indirect association analyses suggested that personal mastery statistically explained 36% and 35.5% of the total relative associations for moderate-imbalance and high-stress profiles with anxiety, and 36.2% and 30.7% with depression. Coping showed small but statistically significant relative indirect associations only for depression (7.6-8.9%), while perceived social support showed no significant indirect associations. Direct associations remained significant after accounting for indirect associations.
CONCLUSIONS: Graduate students exhibit distinct stressor profiles with differing mental health correlates. Elevated stress-particularly academic and relational strain-is associated with higher affective symptom risk, alongside lower personal mastery and adaptive coping. These hypothesis-generating findings may inform future intervention research.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 1654 first-year graduate students from five universities in Wuhan. Measures included stressful events, coping, personal mastery, social support, anxiety, and depression. Latent profile analysis identified subgroups based on four stress domains. Logistic regression and parallel mediation analysis examined profile differences and indirect associations.
RESULTS: Three stressor profiles emerged: low-stress (61.5%), moderate-imbalance (27.4%), and high-stress (11.0%). Compared with the low-stress group, the moderate-imbalance and high-stress groups showed higher odds of anxiety (OR = 4.76 and 9.30) and depression (OR = 4.61 and 10.62). Academic and relational stressors showed the strongest associations with affective symptoms. Relative indirect association analyses suggested that personal mastery statistically explained 36% and 35.5% of the total relative associations for moderate-imbalance and high-stress profiles with anxiety, and 36.2% and 30.7% with depression. Coping showed small but statistically significant relative indirect associations only for depression (7.6-8.9%), while perceived social support showed no significant indirect associations. Direct associations remained significant after accounting for indirect associations.
CONCLUSIONS: Graduate students exhibit distinct stressor profiles with differing mental health correlates. Elevated stress-particularly academic and relational strain-is associated with higher affective symptom risk, alongside lower personal mastery and adaptive coping. These hypothesis-generating findings may inform future intervention research.