Post-traumatic growth among young and middle-aged family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer in China: A theory-guided thematic analysis using the ABC-X model.

PURPOSE: To explore the experiences and influencing factors of post-traumatic growth among young and middle-aged family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer.

METHODS

Data were collected through semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with 20 participants recruited via purposive sampling from the oncology department of a hospital, between December 2024 and February 2025. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed in NVivo 13 software using thematic analysis guided by the ABC-X model.

RESULTS

Five themes were identified. Themes 1-4 represent sequential stages, including diagnostic shock, facing the reality, physical and psychological exhaustion, and personal growth. These themes illustrate the dynamic trajectory from trauma to growth among young and middle-aged family caregivers. Themes 1-3 encompass specific stressors (Factor A) and perceptions (Factor C). Through the interaction of these factors, young and middle-aged family caregivers eventually achieve post-traumatic growth (Factor X), as reflected in Theme 4. Theme 5 represents cross-stage coping resources (Factor B), which provide protective support to mitigate stressors (Factor A) and, together with perceptions (Factor C), influence post-traumatic growth (Factor X).

CONCLUSION

This study revealed the dynamic trajectory from trauma to growth among young and middle-aged family caregivers, underscoring the need for interventions that are tailored to specific stages and implemented at multiple levels. Integrating early education and screening, coping skills training, policy support, and psychosocial interventions may collectively alleviate distress, strengthen positive perceptions, optimize the use of resources, and foster post-traumatic growth.