Exploring the association between stress, coping, and sleep in a Midwestern College of Pharmacy Community: A mixed methods study.

INTRODUCTION

Stress, coping, and sleep quality are determinants of well-being in health professions education. Despite their importance, little is known about how these constructs interact among different academic roles. This study examined stress, coping, and sleep quality among members of a college of pharmacy, identified predictors of sleep quality, and explored the role of medication use.

METHODS

A cross-sectional, mixedmethod survey was employed. Measures included self-reported medication use and validated Perceived Stress Scale, Toulouse Coping Scale, and Brief Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Correlation, multiple linear regression, and content analysis were conducted. Findings were integrated using a joint display.

RESULTS

Of 147 responses, most were female (77.6%), White (56.3%), and pharmacy students (49.6%). Participants reported moderate stress (M = 18.2 ± 5.7), moderate coping (M = 30.2 ± 3.9), and poor sleep quality (M = 5.2 ± 3.1). Stress was inversely correlated with coping (r = -0.21, p = 0.009) and positively correlated with poor sleep (r = 0.24, p = 0.004). Prescription and OTC medication use were associated with higher stress and lower coping (p < 0.05), while OTC medication use predicted poorer sleep quality (p < 0.001). Stress predicted poorer sleep (β = 0.15, p = 0.002). Qualitative themes showed workload and emotional strain as stressors, while exercise and social support were key coping strategies.

CONCLUSION

Moderate stress and coping, and poor sleep, were observed, with stress predicting poor sleep. Interventions that integrate stress management, adaptive coping, and sleep hygiene may enhance well-being, academic success, and professional sustainability.