BioMed research international · 2026
Provegetarian Food Pattern and Obesity Among Saudi Non-Pregnant Females of Reproductive Age.
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Alissa Eman M, Algarni Samiah A, Khaffji Azza J, Al Mansouri Nisma M
Аннотация
AIM: Evidence linking plant-based dietary patterns with adiposity in Middle Eastern populations is limited. This study examined associations between provegetarian diet index (PDI) scores and measures of general and central adiposity among Saudi women of reproductive age.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 205 non-pregnant Saudi women aged 18-40 years systematically recruited from two tertiary hospitals in Jeddah. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 91-item food frequency questionnaire and used to calculate PDI scores. Anthropometric measures included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Multivariable regression models were adjusted for potential confounders.
RESULTS: Higher PDI scores were generally characterised by higher intakes of fibre, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin C and β-carotene and lower intakes of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. PDI score was weakly inversely correlated with WHR (r = -0.144, p < 0.05). Adjusted analyses showed no significant associations with continuous BMI, WC, WHR or WHtR (all p > 0.05). Higher PDI scores were associated with modestly lower odds of WHR-defined central obesity (adjusted OR = 0.972; 95% CI: 0.947-0.997; p = 0.031), whereas associations with WC- and WHtR-defined central obesity were not significant.
CONCLUSION: PDI scores were not consistently associated with measures of general or central adiposity. Although higher scores were associated with modestly lower odds of WHR-defined central obesity, this isolated finding was not supported by the continuous adiposity outcomes and should be considered exploratory. Prospective studies are needed to determine whether this association is reproducible.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 205 non-pregnant Saudi women aged 18-40 years systematically recruited from two tertiary hospitals in Jeddah. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 91-item food frequency questionnaire and used to calculate PDI scores. Anthropometric measures included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Multivariable regression models were adjusted for potential confounders.
RESULTS: Higher PDI scores were generally characterised by higher intakes of fibre, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin C and β-carotene and lower intakes of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. PDI score was weakly inversely correlated with WHR (r = -0.144, p < 0.05). Adjusted analyses showed no significant associations with continuous BMI, WC, WHR or WHtR (all p > 0.05). Higher PDI scores were associated with modestly lower odds of WHR-defined central obesity (adjusted OR = 0.972; 95% CI: 0.947-0.997; p = 0.031), whereas associations with WC- and WHtR-defined central obesity were not significant.
CONCLUSION: PDI scores were not consistently associated with measures of general or central adiposity. Although higher scores were associated with modestly lower odds of WHR-defined central obesity, this isolated finding was not supported by the continuous adiposity outcomes and should be considered exploratory. Prospective studies are needed to determine whether this association is reproducible.