Parents as partners: including mothers and fathers in the treatment of children who stutter.

Parents are frequently included in our intervention methods with children who stutter. However, if we examine the research and clinical literature, we find that we do not distinguish between the roles of mothers and fathers in our diagnosis and intervention procedures. Evidence that mothers and fathers may differ in their interactions with children, in general, and children who stutter, in particular, will be presented. Implications of these findings for our clinical practices will be discussed. By doing so, a case will be made for including both mothers and fathers as partners in the treatment of children who stutter.