Prevalence, predictors and consequences of reported discrimination against children with disabilities in Lao PDR: a cross-sectional analysis in Xiengkhouang Province.

BACKGROUND

Children with disabilities are at increased risk of discrimination, contributing to exclusion from services and community life.

OBJECTIVE

This study investigates the prevalence, predictors and consequences of reported discrimination against children with disabilities in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR).

METHODS

Data were collected in the baseline assessment for a non-randomised controlled trial of a cash-plus programme for children with disabilities in Xiengkhouang Province, Lao PDR. Assessment was conducted May to October 2023. Data on reported discrimination was collected using a tool based on a validated measure. Experience of discrimination in the past 30 days was classified into "any" and "frequent". Children aged ≥8 years reported directly on their experiences of discrimination. Caregivers provided proxy response for children <8 years or for children ≥8 years who had severe difficulties communicating.

RESULTS

405 children with disabilities aged ≤18 years were recruited. Prevalence of any reported discrimination in the past 30 days was 72.3%, and of frequent discrimination 28.4%. Reported discrimination was more common against children with cognitive disabilities (aRR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.03-2.33), Hmong/Lu Mien children (aRR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.10-1.41), and children without friends (aRR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.16-2.23). Children experiencing frequent discrimination were substantially more likely to avoid others (aRR: 5.19, 95% CI: 3.48-7.74) and worry about how others act towards them (aRR: 4.05, 95% CI: 2.79-5.88).

CONCLUSIONS

Children with disabilities in Lao PDR experience high levels of discrimination. Action is needed to reduce disability-related stigma and discrimination in line with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.