Preventive medicine · 2026
Adverse childhood experiences and household firearm ownership: A large-scale analysis of specific risk factors among 15,771 adults from four U.S. states.
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Tang Zeqi, Xiong Peng
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are important determinants of long-term health and behavior, but limited research has examined their association with household firearm ownership.
METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2023 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in Nevada, New Jersey, Oregon, and Virginia. ACEs and household firearm ownership were self-reported. Weighted multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine the associations.
RESULTS: This study included 15,771 participants, of whom 4739 (30.1%, unweighted) self-reported household firearm ownership. Compared with individuals reporting no ACEs, those with 1-2 types of ACEs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.39), 3-5 types of ACEs (aOR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.46), and 6 or more types of ACEs (aOR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.65) had higher odds of household firearm ownership. Among specific types of ACEs, household illegal drug use (aOR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.66), household incarceration (aOR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.59), and verbal abuse (aOR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.36) were each associated with increased likelihood of household firearm ownership.
CONCLUSIONS: In these four states, ACEs were positively associated with household firearm ownership, suggesting early-life adversity may shape firearm-related behaviors and highlight its relevance for public health interventions.
METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2023 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in Nevada, New Jersey, Oregon, and Virginia. ACEs and household firearm ownership were self-reported. Weighted multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine the associations.
RESULTS: This study included 15,771 participants, of whom 4739 (30.1%, unweighted) self-reported household firearm ownership. Compared with individuals reporting no ACEs, those with 1-2 types of ACEs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.39), 3-5 types of ACEs (aOR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.46), and 6 or more types of ACEs (aOR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.65) had higher odds of household firearm ownership. Among specific types of ACEs, household illegal drug use (aOR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.66), household incarceration (aOR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.59), and verbal abuse (aOR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.36) were each associated with increased likelihood of household firearm ownership.
CONCLUSIONS: In these four states, ACEs were positively associated with household firearm ownership, suggesting early-life adversity may shape firearm-related behaviors and highlight its relevance for public health interventions.