Human development, inequality, and their associations with brain structure across 29 countries.
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Medel Vicente, Alliende Luz M, Bethlehem Richard, Seidlitz Jakob, Ringlein Grace, Arango Celso, Arnatkevičiūtė Aurina, Asmal Laila, Bellgrove Mark, Benegal Vivek, Bernardo Miquel, Billeke Pablo, Bosch-Bayard Jorge, Bressan Rodrigo, Busatto Geraldo, Castro Mariana, Chaim-Avancini Tiffany, Costanzi Monise, Czepielewski Leticia, Dazzan Paola, de la Fuente-Sandoval Camilo, Diaz-Caneja Covadonga M, Di Forti Marta, Diaz-Zuluaga Ana Maria, Du Plessis Stefan, Duran Fabio, Fittipaldi Sol, Fornito Alex, Freimer Nelson, Gadelha Ary, Gama Clarissa, Garani Ranjini, Garcia-Rizo Clemente, Gonzalez Campo Cecilia, Gonzalez-Valderrama Alfonso, Guinjoan Salvador, Holla Bharath, Ibañez Agustin, Ivanovic Daniza, Jackowski Andrea, Leon-Ortiz Pablo, Lochner Christine, Lopez-Jaramillo Carlos, Luckhoff Hilmar, Massuda Raffael, McGuire Philip, Miyata Jun, Mizrahi Romina, Murray Robin, Ozerdem Aysegul, Pan Pedro, Parellada Mara, Phahladira Lebogang, Ramirez-Mahaluf Juan P, Reckziegel Ramiro, Marques Tiago Reis, Reyes-Madrigal Francisco, Roos Annerine, Rosa Pedro, Salum Giovanni, Scheffler Freda, Schumann Gunter, Serpa Mauricio, Stein Dan J, Tepper Angeles, Tiego Jeggan, Ueno Tsukasa, Undurraga Juan, Undurraga Eduardo A, Valdes-Sosa Pedro, Valli Isabel, Villarreal Mirta, Winton-Brown Toby T, Yalin Nefize, Zamorano Francisco, Zanetti Marcus, cVEDA, Winkler Anderson M, Evans-Lacko Sara, Crossley Nicolas A
Аннотация
METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study pooling brain imaging (T1-based) data from 145 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in 7,962 healthy adults (4,110 women) in 29 different countries. We used a meta-regression approach to relate the brain structure to the country's level of development and inequality.
RESULTS: Higher human development was consistently associated with larger hippocampi and more expanded global cortical surface area, particularly in frontal areas. Increased inequality was most consistently associated with smaller hippocampal volume and thinner cortical thickness across the brain.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the macro-economic conditions of a country are reflected in its inhabitants' brains and may explain the different incidence of brain disorders across the world. The observed variability of brain structure in health across countries should be considered when developing tools in the field of personalized or precision medicine that are intended to be used across the world.