Chest · 2025
Identifying Critical Windows and Joint Effects of Prenatal Air Pollution and Temperature Exposure and Lung Function in Schoolchildren: Findings From a Prospective Birth Cohort Study.
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Hu Cheng-Yang, Alcala Cecilia Sara, Lamadrid-Figueroa Hector, Mercado-Garcia Adriana, Tamayo-Ortiz Marcela, Gutierrez-Avila Ivan, Kloog Itai, Just Allan C, He Mike Z, Yitshak-Sade Maayan, Rivera-Rivera Nadya Y, Estrada-Gutierrez Guadalupe, Téllez-Rojo Martha M, Wright Robert O, Wright Rosalind J, Rosa Maria José
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Air pollution and extreme temperature exposure during pregnancy is associated with lung function in schoolchildren.
RESEARCH QUESTION: What are the critical time windows during pregnancy when exposure to air pollution (fine particulate matter [PM2.5] and nitrogen dioxide [NO2]) and temperature affects lung function in schoolchildren, and do these exposures interact?
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Within the Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, Environment, and Social Stressors study, daily residential levels of pollutant/temperature exposures during pregnancy were generated from satellite-based models. Lung function was evaluated at ages 8 to 14 years and was modeled as z scores adjusted for age, height, and sex. We used distributed lag nonlinear models to evaluate overall and sex-specific associations of exposures with lung function outcomes. Interactive effects were evaluated through the relative excess risk due to interaction and the attributable proportion.
RESULTS: A total of 429 mother-child dyads were included. Prenatal higher PM2.5 exposure was associated with reduced lung function parameters, including FEV1z score (weeks 1-21, cumulative change: -0.23 [95% CI, -0.39 to -0.07]), FVC z score (weeks 13-19, cumulative change: -0.04 [95% CI, -0.08 to -0.00]), forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of vital capacity (FEF25-75%) z score (weeks 1-20, cumulative change: -0.20 [95% CI, -0.36 to -0.04]), and FEV1/FVC ratio (weeks 6-16, cumulative change: -0.57 [95% CI, -0.11 to -0.04]). Similarly, increased NO2 exposure was associated with reduced FEV1z score (weeks 1-16, cumulative change: -0.16 [95% CI, -0.31 to -0.02]), FEF25-75%z score (weeks 13-16, -0.02 [95% CI, -0.04 to -0.00]), and FEV1/FVC ratio (weeks 6-15, -0.48 [95% CI, -0.96 to -0.01]). In contrast, both warmer (weeks 1-8) and colder temperatures (weeks 9-18) showed positive associations with FVC z score. Stronger associations were found in female participants. No interactive effects of air pollution and temperature were found.
INTERPRETATION: Our findings emphasize detrimental effects of early-life air pollution exposure on long-term respiratory health and suggest potential sex-specific vulnerabilities, informing targeted interventions to protect child health.
RESEARCH QUESTION: What are the critical time windows during pregnancy when exposure to air pollution (fine particulate matter [PM2.5] and nitrogen dioxide [NO2]) and temperature affects lung function in schoolchildren, and do these exposures interact?
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Within the Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, Environment, and Social Stressors study, daily residential levels of pollutant/temperature exposures during pregnancy were generated from satellite-based models. Lung function was evaluated at ages 8 to 14 years and was modeled as z scores adjusted for age, height, and sex. We used distributed lag nonlinear models to evaluate overall and sex-specific associations of exposures with lung function outcomes. Interactive effects were evaluated through the relative excess risk due to interaction and the attributable proportion.
RESULTS: A total of 429 mother-child dyads were included. Prenatal higher PM2.5 exposure was associated with reduced lung function parameters, including FEV1z score (weeks 1-21, cumulative change: -0.23 [95% CI, -0.39 to -0.07]), FVC z score (weeks 13-19, cumulative change: -0.04 [95% CI, -0.08 to -0.00]), forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of vital capacity (FEF25-75%) z score (weeks 1-20, cumulative change: -0.20 [95% CI, -0.36 to -0.04]), and FEV1/FVC ratio (weeks 6-16, cumulative change: -0.57 [95% CI, -0.11 to -0.04]). Similarly, increased NO2 exposure was associated with reduced FEV1z score (weeks 1-16, cumulative change: -0.16 [95% CI, -0.31 to -0.02]), FEF25-75%z score (weeks 13-16, -0.02 [95% CI, -0.04 to -0.00]), and FEV1/FVC ratio (weeks 6-15, -0.48 [95% CI, -0.96 to -0.01]). In contrast, both warmer (weeks 1-8) and colder temperatures (weeks 9-18) showed positive associations with FVC z score. Stronger associations were found in female participants. No interactive effects of air pollution and temperature were found.
INTERPRETATION: Our findings emphasize detrimental effects of early-life air pollution exposure on long-term respiratory health and suggest potential sex-specific vulnerabilities, informing targeted interventions to protect child health.