Exposure of the surgeon to radiation during surgery.

Exposure to radiation over many years increases the incidence of cataracts and promotes the development of carcinoma of the thyroid gland. A prospective study of 24 operative procedures involving minimal invasive techniques and fluoroscopic guidance was undertaken in order to measure the radiation exposure to the primary surgeon. The study was conducted during 8 K-wire osteosyntheses in fractures of the distal radius, 8 closed interlocking intramedullary nailings in fractures of the femur and 8 internal fixator procedures, with or without posterior autogenic transpedicular bone grafting, in fractures of the lumbar spine. Radiation was monitored with the use of high sensitive thermoluminescent dosimeters. Fluoroscopy was necessary during the procedures, with exposure times ranging from 55 s to 12 min 35 s. The radiation dose received per procedure ranged from 0.6-259.3 microSv and was well within the dose limits set by German law.