Radiation safety for children.

In recent years there has been much public and professional concern about reducing patient exposure to radiation. This concern is especially appropriate for children because of their greater sensitivity to it. Exposure risks to children may be reduced by using radiography only when there is a specific clinical indication. Bitewing radiographs are indicated for detection of approximal caries in the child when the molar contacts are closed. The frequency of this examination should be determined on an individual basis. Other radiographs should be obtained only when there are clinical signs or symptoms suggesting disease. When a decision has been made to expose a patient to X-rays beam-restricting film holders, leaded aprons and thyroid collars should be employed. To minimize repeat radiographic examinations because of processing faults, the operator should use proper procedures coupled with an understanding of the film developing process. Further dose reduction may be anticipated with the advent of E-speed film, dental xeroradiography or rod-anode source radiography. Most importantly, dose reduction requires an awareness by the dentist and operator of its importance and the means available to accomplish it.