Child abuse & neglect · 2026
Food insecurity and verbal aggression toward children: Income-differentiated pathways through parental psychological distress.
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Helton Jesse J, Chen Jun-Hong, Kong Vibol
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Rising food costs have increased food insecurity across income levels in the United States, potentially contributing to caregiver stress and harsh parenting.
OBJECTIVES: This study examines direct and indirect pathways linking food insecurity, parental stress, and verbal aggression, and whether these vary by poverty status.
PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Data were drawn from the 2019-2021 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (N = 2589), incorporating the Main Study and the Child Development Supplement.
METHODS: Primary variables included food insecurity (USDA 18-item module; high, marginal, and low), verbal aggression (weekly count of scolding/threatening), parental psychological stress (Kessler scale), and household income (poverty, near-poverty, and non-poverty). Generalized propensity score weights balanced demographic characteristics across food insecurity levels, and analyses were conducted separately for poverty (n = 437), near-poverty (n = 586), and non-poverty (n = 1566) families. Path analyses were conducted.
RESULTS: Among non-poverty families, high food security had a significant indirect effect on verbal aggression through parental psychological distress (β = -0.05, p < 0.01). The indirect effects were not statistically significant among lower-income families.
CONCLUSIONS: Food insecurity was associated with verbal aggression through pathways that vary by income level; while improved food security reduced parental distress across groups, this only translated into reduced verbal aggression for non-poverty families. These findings suggest that interventions must simultaneously address material needs, psychological wellbeing, and parenting support, with particular attention to families in persistent poverty.
OBJECTIVES: This study examines direct and indirect pathways linking food insecurity, parental stress, and verbal aggression, and whether these vary by poverty status.
PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Data were drawn from the 2019-2021 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (N = 2589), incorporating the Main Study and the Child Development Supplement.
METHODS: Primary variables included food insecurity (USDA 18-item module; high, marginal, and low), verbal aggression (weekly count of scolding/threatening), parental psychological stress (Kessler scale), and household income (poverty, near-poverty, and non-poverty). Generalized propensity score weights balanced demographic characteristics across food insecurity levels, and analyses were conducted separately for poverty (n = 437), near-poverty (n = 586), and non-poverty (n = 1566) families. Path analyses were conducted.
RESULTS: Among non-poverty families, high food security had a significant indirect effect on verbal aggression through parental psychological distress (β = -0.05, p < 0.01). The indirect effects were not statistically significant among lower-income families.
CONCLUSIONS: Food insecurity was associated with verbal aggression through pathways that vary by income level; while improved food security reduced parental distress across groups, this only translated into reduced verbal aggression for non-poverty families. These findings suggest that interventions must simultaneously address material needs, psychological wellbeing, and parenting support, with particular attention to families in persistent poverty.