Epilepsy & behavior : E&B · 2026
Clinical implications of galectin-3, N-cadherin, and E-cadherin as potential biomarkers in childhood epilepsy.
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Perk Peren, Yuksel Arzu, Sener Gulsen, Mertoglu Sevinc, Cakmak Merve, Oz Dagdelen Zeynep, Dogantan Seyda, Koc Rahime, Arıcan Pınar, Gumus A
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Refractory epilepsy in children remains a major clinical challenge, often resistant to standard antiseizure therapies. Identifying novel biomarkers may open new avenues for understanding disease mechanisms and predicting treatment response. This study investigated serum Galectin-3 (Gal-3) and cadherins as potential biomarkers in pediatric epilepsy.
METHODS: We analyzed serum samples from 30 children with refractory epilepsy, 33 patients on antiseizure drug monotherapy (valproic acid, levetiracetam, carbamazepine), and 66 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Commercial ELISA assays were used to quantify Gal-3, N-cadherin (N-cad), and E-cadherin (E-cad) levels.
RESULTS: Gal-3 levels were markedly elevated in both epilepsy groups compared with controls (p < 0.001), with the highest concentrations observed in the polytherapy subgroup. In contrast, N-cad expression was reduced among epilepsy patients, although children on polytherapy exhibited relatively higher levels than those on monotherapy. No significant differences were found for E-cad.
CONCLUSION: Elevated Gal-3 is strongly associated with drug resistance, whereas reduced N-cadherin may reflect underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of epilepsy. To our knowledge, this is the first pediatric study evaluating Gal-3 alongside cadherins. These findings highlight their potential as novel biomarkers of disease progression and treatment response, offering a foundation for future biomarker-driven therapeutic strategies in childhood epilepsy.
METHODS: We analyzed serum samples from 30 children with refractory epilepsy, 33 patients on antiseizure drug monotherapy (valproic acid, levetiracetam, carbamazepine), and 66 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Commercial ELISA assays were used to quantify Gal-3, N-cadherin (N-cad), and E-cadherin (E-cad) levels.
RESULTS: Gal-3 levels were markedly elevated in both epilepsy groups compared with controls (p < 0.001), with the highest concentrations observed in the polytherapy subgroup. In contrast, N-cad expression was reduced among epilepsy patients, although children on polytherapy exhibited relatively higher levels than those on monotherapy. No significant differences were found for E-cad.
CONCLUSION: Elevated Gal-3 is strongly associated with drug resistance, whereas reduced N-cadherin may reflect underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of epilepsy. To our knowledge, this is the first pediatric study evaluating Gal-3 alongside cadherins. These findings highlight their potential as novel biomarkers of disease progression and treatment response, offering a foundation for future biomarker-driven therapeutic strategies in childhood epilepsy.