Children at risk: II. Risk factors and clinic utilization.

Using a strategy involving multiple raters and instruments, the authors compared 134 clinic subjects with controls matched on sex, age, and socioeconomic status to determine how various risk factors are related to clinic utilization apart from their effects on children's symptomatology. Parental psychopathology, family size, and marital status were most predictive of children's symptom levels, while stress levels, family size, and marital status were most predictive of clinic utilization. Although children's total symptom levels explained 27.6% of the variance in clinic utilization, other factors (family size, family history of divorce, stress, and parental psychopathology) explained an additional 13.2% of the variance. Findings indicate that clinicians and health care planners must carefully assess variables other than children's symptom levels in order to better understand children's mental health services utilization, develop more robust models of risk, and increase the effectiveness of our efforts directed towards prevention and intervention.