Comparative study of stability and activity of wild-type and mutant human carbonic anhydrase II enzymes using molecular dynamics and docking simulations.

The human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II) enzyme is a cytosolic protein located in the membrane of red blood cells that reversible hydration of carbon dioxide (CO2). Considering the critical role of the HCA II and the effects of some mutations on the activity and stability of the enzyme in humans, several computational methods are used to study the structure and dynamics of the wild-type and the mutant enzymes with three ligands, CO2, 4-nitrophenyl acetate and acetazolamide. Our results of MD simulation of a wild-type enzyme with 4-nitrophenyl acetate show that it created essential effects on the fluctuation of this enzyme and made it more unstable and less compact than the same enzyme without ligand. In the MD of the mutant enzyme with 4-nitrophenyl acetate ligand, no significant difference is observed between with and without ligand. The affinity of the wild-type enzyme to the 4-nitrophenyl acetate is notably higher than the mutant enzyme with the same ligand. Furthermore, results showed that wild-type and mutant enzymes with CO2 are more favorable in stability and flexibility than the same enzymes without ligand. The MD results of wild-type with acetazolamide indicate instability compare without ligand, but in MD of mutant enzyme with acetazolamide show that it more stable and compact than the same enzyme without ligand. Finally, Comparing protein trajectories to assess the impact of ligands on the stability and activity of HCA II enzymes can have medical applications and can in the engineering and design of new variants of carbonic anhydrase enzyme.