West African journal of medicine · 2021
Pattern of Presentation of Patients with Vitiligo in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria: A Five Year Retrospective Study.
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Madubuko C R, Okwara B U
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Vitiligo is an acquired progressive melanocytopenia of unknown cause. It manifests clinically as well circumscribed depigmented macules and patches often associated with poliosis. AIM: To determine the pattern of presentation of patients with vitiligo in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records of patients managed for vitiligo over a 5-year period between December 2014- December 2019 were retrieved and the following information extracted: socio-demographic data of patients, duration of symptom, pattern of vitiligo, distribution, and percentage body surface area of affectation. SPSS version 21 was used to tabulate and analyze the data. The continuous data were presented as means and categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages.
RESULTS: There were 52 patients with vitiligo amongst 1600 new cases seen over the 5year period constituting a prevalence of 3.3%. The male to female ratio was 1:1.1. The Median (IQR) of the age at presentation was 29.5 (14.75-49.50). The mean (SD) duration of symptom at presentation was 18.3±21.5 months. Children constituted 10 (19.2%), adolescents 8(15.4%), adults 31(59.6%) and elderly 3(5.8%). Family history of vitiligo was absent in all patients. The percentage body surface area (BSA) affected was 30% in 19(36.5%) of participants. The most common clinical type of vitiligo in this study was the generalized pattern accounting for 27(51.9%) of cases. Segmental pattern and focal pattern accounted for 13(25.0%) and 12(23.1%) respectively. The face, upper limbs and lower limbs were the most commonly affected anatomical sites found in the study accounting for 19(36.5%), 18(34.6%) and 17 (32.7%) respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Vitiligo is an uncommon skin disease that affects both genders almost equally. Generalized vitiligo remains the commonest form of vitiligo and the face and extremities are the most commonly affected sites. Furthermore, the prevalence of vitiligo has not changed in the last 20 years.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records of patients managed for vitiligo over a 5-year period between December 2014- December 2019 were retrieved and the following information extracted: socio-demographic data of patients, duration of symptom, pattern of vitiligo, distribution, and percentage body surface area of affectation. SPSS version 21 was used to tabulate and analyze the data. The continuous data were presented as means and categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages.
RESULTS: There were 52 patients with vitiligo amongst 1600 new cases seen over the 5year period constituting a prevalence of 3.3%. The male to female ratio was 1:1.1. The Median (IQR) of the age at presentation was 29.5 (14.75-49.50). The mean (SD) duration of symptom at presentation was 18.3±21.5 months. Children constituted 10 (19.2%), adolescents 8(15.4%), adults 31(59.6%) and elderly 3(5.8%). Family history of vitiligo was absent in all patients. The percentage body surface area (BSA) affected was 30% in 19(36.5%) of participants. The most common clinical type of vitiligo in this study was the generalized pattern accounting for 27(51.9%) of cases. Segmental pattern and focal pattern accounted for 13(25.0%) and 12(23.1%) respectively. The face, upper limbs and lower limbs were the most commonly affected anatomical sites found in the study accounting for 19(36.5%), 18(34.6%) and 17 (32.7%) respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Vitiligo is an uncommon skin disease that affects both genders almost equally. Generalized vitiligo remains the commonest form of vitiligo and the face and extremities are the most commonly affected sites. Furthermore, the prevalence of vitiligo has not changed in the last 20 years.