Double Trouble-A Case Report of a Rare Second Malignancy in a Neuroblastoma Survivor.

The survivors of childhood neuroblastoma face a 2.8 to 10.4 times higher risk of developing a second malignancy compared to the general population. Here, a 10-month-old boy presented with an abdominal mass, urine dribbling, and fever. Examination revealed a firm, nontender mass in the left lumbar region, with a negative family history and no dysmorphic features. An excised abdominal mass revealed poorly differentiated neuroblastoma. He completed chemoradiation. At the age of 8 years, he was brought in again with an abdominal mass and hematuria. The child underwent nephrectomy, and a histological diagnosis of nephroblastoma was made. This provides valuable insights into the literature on multiple primary malignancies in pediatric oncology. It emphasizes the importance of personalized, long-term follow-up for childhood cancer survivors, especially those who received high-risk treatments.