Adjustment and vocational satisfaction of patients treated during childhood or adolescence for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

This investigation evaluated the psychosocial consequences of the diagnosis and treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) on the long-term adjustment of a sample of 46 patients less than 20 years of age at diagnosis (mean age: 7.46 years). Subjects were followed up for an average of 15.4 years after diagnosis and were a mean of 22.87 years old at assessment. A sample of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma survivors served as a comparison group. Patients completed standardized measures of well-being, stress reaction, vocational satisfaction, and a questionnaire assessing defensiveness regarding their history of cancer treatment, experienced job discrimination, and social involvement. Overall, the subjects appeared to be well-adjusted; female subjects, however, exhibited an increased tendency to experience anxiety in stressful situations. Vocational discrimination did not appear to be a significant problem for this group of survivors, and subjects exhibited levels of vocational satisfaction that did not differ from population norms. Greater defensiveness regarding a history of cancer treatment was associated with lower levels of well-being and heightened stress reaction. Survivors who received CNS prophylaxis that included cranial irradiation had lower well-being scores than did those survivors receiving only intrathecal methotrexate.