International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2013
Risks of new-onset allergic sensitization and airway inflammation after early age swimming in chlorinated pools.
СтатьяПоддержка исследования: вне правительства СШАНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Voisin Catherine, Sardella Antonia, Bernard Alfred
Аннотация
RATIONALE: Irritant chlorination products in swimming pools can cause respiratory problems in swimmers but their possible implication in allergies development is still unclear.
OBJECTIVES: To assess prospectively whether early-life attendance at chlorinated pools increases the risks of IgE sensitization and of airways inflammation later during childhood.
METHODS: We conducted a two-year prospective study among 196 kindergarten children (mean age of 5.7 years, 54% of boys). We measured exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) and aeroallergen-specific IgE in nasal mucosa. Parents completed a questionnaire about the child's health, chlorinated pool attendance and potential confounders.
MAIN RESULTS: Ever swimming at indoor or outdoor chlorinated pools before the age of three years was associated with higher odds for new-onset IgE sensitization to house dust mite (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14-7.55) and for new-onset increased eNO (>15 ppb; aOR, 4.54, 95% CI 1.48-13.9). For both outcomes, aORs increased dose-dependently with time spent in chlorinated pools with values reaching, respectively, 3.60 (95% CI 1.21-10.7) and 5.92 (95% CI 1.72-20.5) when the cumulative pool attendance exceeded 60 h These risks appeared independently of each other, of parental history of allergies and of pre-existing diseases, including eczema, which at baseline was more prevalent in early swimmers (aOR, 2.91; 95% CI 1.23-6.89). Such associations were not seen with IgE sensitization to pollen or cat allergens.
CONCLUSION: Attendance at chlorinated swimming pools in early life is associated with higher risks of new-onset airways inflammation and IgE sensitization to house dust mite, independently of other risk factors.
OBJECTIVES: To assess prospectively whether early-life attendance at chlorinated pools increases the risks of IgE sensitization and of airways inflammation later during childhood.
METHODS: We conducted a two-year prospective study among 196 kindergarten children (mean age of 5.7 years, 54% of boys). We measured exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) and aeroallergen-specific IgE in nasal mucosa. Parents completed a questionnaire about the child's health, chlorinated pool attendance and potential confounders.
MAIN RESULTS: Ever swimming at indoor or outdoor chlorinated pools before the age of three years was associated with higher odds for new-onset IgE sensitization to house dust mite (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14-7.55) and for new-onset increased eNO (>15 ppb; aOR, 4.54, 95% CI 1.48-13.9). For both outcomes, aORs increased dose-dependently with time spent in chlorinated pools with values reaching, respectively, 3.60 (95% CI 1.21-10.7) and 5.92 (95% CI 1.72-20.5) when the cumulative pool attendance exceeded 60 h These risks appeared independently of each other, of parental history of allergies and of pre-existing diseases, including eczema, which at baseline was more prevalent in early swimmers (aOR, 2.91; 95% CI 1.23-6.89). Such associations were not seen with IgE sensitization to pollen or cat allergens.
CONCLUSION: Attendance at chlorinated swimming pools in early life is associated with higher risks of new-onset airways inflammation and IgE sensitization to house dust mite, independently of other risk factors.