Allergic responses, gut microbiome and serum metabolism of mice: Effects of epigallocatechin gallate combined with sodium pyrophosphate modified parvalbumin.

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) combined with sodium pyrophosphate (SP) modified parvalbumin (PV) was proposed to sensitize mice, and investigated whether allergic responses changes were associated with gut microbiome and serum metabolism of mice. EGCG combined with SP modified PV has structural changes, and alleviated jejunal damage in mice, while decreased specific serum IgG, IgG1 and IgE levels and may rebalanced Th1/Th2 immune responses. PV-induced allergic responses disrupted gut microbiota and reduced short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels. In contrast, the modified PV could alter the relative abundance of allergic responses-related gut microbiota, such as g__unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae, g__norank_o__Clostridia_UCG-014 and g__Alistipes, alongside elevated SCFAs levels. Additionally, the modified PV could affect multiple metabolic pathways in serum, and exert a positive impact on phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine levels in glycerophospholipid metabolism. Therefore, the reduction in the allergic responses of PV modified by EGCG and SP were associated with changes in gut microbiota and modulation of glycerophospholipid metabolisms. These correlational observations provided preliminary associative evidence supporting the potential utility of combined EGCG-SP modification as a hypoallergenic processing approach for fish parvalbumin mitigation.