[Analysis of sensitization patterns and characteristics to common components of house dust mites in allergic children from a tertiary hospital in Beijing City].

To analyze the allergenicity spectrum characteristics of house dust mite (HDM) components (Der p 1, Der p 2, Der p 10, Der p 23) in HDM-allergic children from the Beijing area, and explore the associations between sensitization to these components and allergic rhinitis (AR) with comorbid allergic asthma (AA) or atopic dermatitis (AD). Using a cross-sectional study design, 221 children (140 males and 81 females) aged 4-16 years with positive serum HDM-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) who attended Beijing Civil Aviation General Hospital from March 2024 to May 2025 were included. AR, AA and AD were diagnosed and grouped according to established guidelines. Serum total IgE and component-specific sIgE levels(Der p 1, Der p 2, Der p 10, Der p 23) were measured using chemiluminescence. The results showed that Der p 2 and Der p 1 were the predominant sensitizing components, with sensitization rates of 62.0% (137/221) and 58.8% (130/221) respectively, followed by Der p 23 (17.2%, 38/221), and Der p 10 (9.0%, 20/221), among the 221 children. The median concentration of Der p 2-sIgE (1.41 kUA/L) was significantly higher than that of Der p 1 (0.27 kUA/L). Co-sensitization to Der p 1 and Der p 2 was the most common pattern (29.0%, 64/221). The sensitization rates to Der p 1 were significantly higher in the AR with AA group compared to the AR without AA group (χ2=5.157,P<0.05). After adjusting for age, sex, total IgE, and the number of sensitized inhalant allergens in multivariate logistic regression and using a more stringent sIgE positivity threshold (≥0.70 kUA/L), Der p 1 sensitization remained independently associated with an increased risk of asthma co-morbidity (aOR=2.22, 95%CI: 1.137-4.316, P<0.05). In the subgroup analysis of children with asthma co-morbidity, Der p 1-sIgE concentration showed a significant positive correlation with asthma severity (aOR=1.16, 95%CI: 1.020-1.310, P<0.05). No significant associations were found between component sensitizations and AD comorbidity(χ2=1.534, 0.299, 1.243, 0.316, P>0.05). In conclusion,among the children with dust mite allergy in Beijing area studied Der p 1 sensitization demonstrates a robust and independent association with asthma comorbidity and correlates with asthma severity, whereas the highly immunogenic component Der p 2 does not have an independent association with asthma. These provides a reference for component-resolved diagnosis, individualized risk assessment, and precision immunotherapy for pediatric HDM-allergic diseases in the Beijing area.