[Analysis of allergen-specific IgE test results in children with allergic diseases in a women and children's hospital in Qingdao City].

To analyze the distribution characteristics of allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) in children with allergic diseases at the Women and Children's Hospital affiliated to Qingdao University from 2017 to 2023, providing regional evidence for the diagnosis and prevention of pediatric allergic diseases. Using a cross-sectional design, a retrospective analysis was conducted on the allergen sIgE test results of children with allergic symptoms such as rhinitis, urticaria, and eczema who visited the Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University from January 2017 to December 2023. The chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare differences in sIgE positivity across gender, year, season, and age groups. The results showed that among 11 601 children, 71.92% (8 344) tested positive for at least one allergen. The overall positive rate for inhalant allergens (54.65%, 6 340/11 601) was significantly higher than food allergens (49.88%, 5 786/11 601) (χ²=53.021, P<0.05). Dermatophagoides (39.54%, 4 587/11 601) and egg white (32.51%, 3 772/11 601) were the predominant inhalant and food allergens, respectively. Males exhibited significantly higher overall sIgE positivity (73.19% vs. 69.92%; χ²=14.579, P<0.05) and inhalant allergen positivity (56.35% vs. 51.98%; χ²=21.219, P<0.05) compared with females. The highest sIgE positivity rates for all categories occurred in 2018, while the lowest rates were observed in 2019 (χ²=434.164, P<0.002; χ²=356.106, P<0.002; χ²=538.905, P<0.002). Summer showed the highest positivity rates for overall sIgE and inhalant allergens, whereas winter showed the lowest (χ²=77.757, P<0.008; χ²=185.552, P<0.008). Food allergen positivity was the highest in summer,whereas lowest in autumn (χ²=73.163, P<0.008). Positivity rates for overall and inhalant sIgE increased with age, peaking in the≥6-year group. Food allergen positivity peaked in the 1- <3-year group and declined thereafter. Among sIgE-positive cases for dermatophagoides, grade 5 was the most frequent (12.82%, 1 487/11 601), while for other allergens, grade 1 was the most common. Dermatophagoides sIgE exhibited the highest proportion of grade ≥3 (23.00%, 2 668/11 601). In conclusion, in the Qingdao area, among allergic children, the inhalant allergen with the highest sIgE positivity rate is dust mites, while the food allergen with the highest sIgE positive rate is egg white. Allergen sIgE positivity rates vary by genders, age, season, and year. Specifically, summer, male gender, and age ≥6 years are identified as high-risk factors. Children with allergic diseases should undergo regular monitoring of allergen sIgE and take preventive measures to avoid relevant allergens.