Journal of pediatric psychology · 2026
Sleep and emotional memory of preschool children adopted from foster care: a comparison with a community sample.
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Rusin Karolina, Myers Annika, Rech Megan E, Spencer Rebecca M C, Alfano Candice A
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Children who spend time in foster care are at risk for adverse developmental outcomes, including sleep problems. Yet, research examining sleep and emotional memory has primarily focused on children with no history of foster care placement. Additionally, most accounts of sleep problems among children with a foster care history rely on caregiver-report rather than objective measures. This study examined emotional memory and sleep using both objective and subjective reports.
METHODS: Participants included 3- to 5-year-old children who were adopted from foster care in the U.S. (n = 32) and a community sample of children with no foster care history (n = 35). Sleep was assessed using actigraphy and questionnaires (Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire [CSHQ] and the Parent-Child Sleep Interactions Scale [PSIS]). Caregivers also completed the Adverse Childhood Experiences questionnaire (ACEs). Emotional memory was assessed with an emotional story task in the evening before overnight sleep and the following morning.
RESULTS: As predicted, the adopted sample had worse objectively measured sleep quality, with higher wake after sleep onset, lower sleep efficiency, and earlier waketimes. Additionally, adopted children scored higher on the CSHQ Parasomnias subscale which was associated with a greater number of ACEs. Adoptive parents also reported providing more frequent reassurance at bedtime and reinforcement of positive sleep behaviors, as measured by the PSIS, compared to the community sample. Performance on the emotional story task did not differ significantly between the groups.
CONCLUSIONS: These results reinforce that children with a history of foster care placement have worse sleep and are more prone to parasomnias even after adoption. Trauma-informed sleep interventions may be most effective in resolving sleep problems in these children.
METHODS: Participants included 3- to 5-year-old children who were adopted from foster care in the U.S. (n = 32) and a community sample of children with no foster care history (n = 35). Sleep was assessed using actigraphy and questionnaires (Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire [CSHQ] and the Parent-Child Sleep Interactions Scale [PSIS]). Caregivers also completed the Adverse Childhood Experiences questionnaire (ACEs). Emotional memory was assessed with an emotional story task in the evening before overnight sleep and the following morning.
RESULTS: As predicted, the adopted sample had worse objectively measured sleep quality, with higher wake after sleep onset, lower sleep efficiency, and earlier waketimes. Additionally, adopted children scored higher on the CSHQ Parasomnias subscale which was associated with a greater number of ACEs. Adoptive parents also reported providing more frequent reassurance at bedtime and reinforcement of positive sleep behaviors, as measured by the PSIS, compared to the community sample. Performance on the emotional story task did not differ significantly between the groups.
CONCLUSIONS: These results reinforce that children with a history of foster care placement have worse sleep and are more prone to parasomnias even after adoption. Trauma-informed sleep interventions may be most effective in resolving sleep problems in these children.