[Synchronous Double Cancer of Left Lung and Esophagus Which Was Performed Simultaneous Resection].

We report a case of synchronous double cancer involving the left lung and esophagus treated with a minimally invasive one-stage procedure combining thoracoscopic lobectomy and mediastinoscopic esophagectomy. Although a two-stage approach is often selected due to the technical complexity and invasiveness of simultaneous surgery, both tumors in this case were advanced, and a single-stage resection was considered the most appropriate option to avoid losing the opportunity for curative treatment. The postoperative course was complicated by anastomotic leakage, which was managed conservatively;however, early recurrence of esophageal cancer occurred, followed by multiple brain metastases from small cell lung carcinoma. These recurrences may have been related to limited mediastinal lymph node dissection, performed to preserve bronchial blood flow, and to the delayed initiation of adjuvant therapy due to treatment for esophageal recurrence. This case demonstrates not only the feasibility and advantage of a less invasive simultaneous approach but also emphasizes the need to optimize lymph node dissection strategies and the timing of postoperative therapy in complex synchronous malignancies.