Neuroanesthesiology update.

We provide a review of both clinical and basic science literature from 2012 relevant to care of the patient with neurological disease. Our review addresses the following major areas: general neurosurgical procedures, stroke, traumatic brain injury, spine surgery, anesthetic neurotoxicity, neuroprotective strategies, electrophysiological monitoring, history, and graduate medical education. We have focused on research describing new and innovative concepts and recurring themes. This review is intended to be of interest to those working in the clinical arena and also to neuroscientists.